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The invention introduces a novel, customizable method to create, manipulate, and erase polar topological structures in ferroelectric materials using atomic force microscopy.
The use of biomass fiber reinforcement for polymer composite applications, like those in buildings or automotive, has expanded rapidly due to the low cost, high stiffness, and inherent renewability of these materials. Biomass are commonly disposed of as waste.
High coercive fields prevalent in wurtzite ferroelectrics present a significant challenge, as they hinder efficient polarization switching, which is essential for microelectronic applications.
When a magnetic field is applied to a type-II superconductor, it penetrates the superconductor in a thin cylindrical line known as a vortex line. Traditional methods to manipulate these vortices are limited in precision and affect a broad area.
Molecular Beam Epitaxy is a traditional technique for the synthesis of thin film materials used in the semiconducting and microelectronics industry. In its essence, the MBE technique heats crucibles filled with ultra-pure atomic elements under ultra high vacuum condition