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When a magnetic field is applied to a type-II superconductor, it penetrates the superconductor in a thin cylindrical line known as a vortex line. Traditional methods to manipulate these vortices are limited in precision and affect a broad area.
The scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) provides unprecedented spatial resolution and is critical for many applications, primarily for imaging matter at the atomic and nanoscales and obtaining spectroscopic information at similar length scales.
High strength, oxidation resistant refractory alloys are difficult to fabricate for commercial use in extreme environments.
Modern automobiles are operated by small computers that communicate critical information via a broadcast-based network architecture called controller area network (CAN).
Moisture management accounts for over 40% of the energy used by buildings. As such development of energy efficient and resilient dehumidification technologies are critical to decarbonize the building energy sector.
Electrical utility substations are wired with intelligent electronic devices (IEDs), such as protective relays, power meters, and communication switches.
Real-time tracking and monitoring of radioactive/nuclear materials during transportation is a critical need to ensure safety and security. Current technologies rely on simple tagging, using sensors attached to transport containers, but they have limitations.