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When a magnetic field is applied to a type-II superconductor, it penetrates the superconductor in a thin cylindrical line known as a vortex line. Traditional methods to manipulate these vortices are limited in precision and affect a broad area.
Molecular Beam Epitaxy is a traditional technique for the synthesis of thin film materials used in the semiconducting and microelectronics industry. In its essence, the MBE technique heats crucibles filled with ultra-pure atomic elements under ultra high vacuum condition
Real-time tracking and monitoring of radioactive/nuclear materials during transportation is a critical need to ensure safety and security. Current technologies rely on simple tagging, using sensors attached to transport containers, but they have limitations.
Technologies directed quantum spectroscopy and imaging with Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering are described.