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In nuclear and industrial facilities, fine particles, including radioactive residues—can accumulate on the interior surfaces of ventilation ducts and equipment, posing serious safety and operational risks.
The invention presented here addresses key challenges associated with counterfeit refrigerants by ensuring safety, maintaining system performance, supporting environmental compliance, and mitigating health and legal risks.
When a magnetic field is applied to a type-II superconductor, it penetrates the superconductor in a thin cylindrical line known as a vortex line. Traditional methods to manipulate these vortices are limited in precision and affect a broad area.
Knowing the state of charge of lithium-ion batteries, used to power applications from electric vehicles to medical diagnostic equipment, is critical for long-term battery operation.
High-performance cerium-based permanent magnet materials have been developed to reduce reliance on scarce rare-earth elements.