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Fusion reactors need efficient systems to create tritium fuel and handle intense heat and radiation. Traditional liquid metal systems face challenges like high pressure losses and material breakdown in strong magnetic fields.
When a magnetic field is applied to a type-II superconductor, it penetrates the superconductor in a thin cylindrical line known as a vortex line. Traditional methods to manipulate these vortices are limited in precision and affect a broad area.
The need for accurate temperature measurement in critical environments such as nuclear reactors is paramount for safety and efficiency.
High-performance cerium-based permanent magnet materials have been developed to reduce reliance on scarce rare-earth elements.