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The use of class A3 and A2L refrigerants to replace conventional hydrofluorocarbons for their low global warming potential (GWP) presents risks due to leaks of flammable mixtures that could result in fire or explosion.
The quality and quantity of refrigerant charge in any vapor compression-based heating and cooling system is vital to its energy efficiency, thermal capacity, and reliability.
Performance of heat exchangers greatly suffers due to maldistribution of fluid, which also impacts the performance of the entire HVAC system. One method to reduce fluid maldistribution is to improve the design of the manifold to make the flow evenly distributed.
Commercial closed-cell insulation foam boards reduce their thermal resistivity by up to 30% due to gas diffusion in and out of foam cells.
Most plastic is discarded after a single use, with about 76 percent of plastic waste discarded into landfills annually. The current practice is wasting feedstock resources, energy, and carbon used for their production.
Adhesives for metal parts typically are liquid-based which require complex processing. This technology is a hot melt adhesive that is mixed and applied in a solid form and after the heating and cooling cycle creates strong bonds with the substrates in a matter of seconds.
Moisture management accounts for over 40% of the energy used by buildings. As such development of energy efficient and resilient dehumidification technologies are critical to decarbonize the building energy sector.
ORNL has developed a new thermal energy storage design utilizing low conductivity organic phase change materials.
Household refrigerators typically consume 1.5–2.0kWh of electricity per day, and more than 100 million refrigerators are used in US homes, resulting in significant primary energy consumption and carbon emissions.