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2,3-butanediol (BDO) is a chemical compound with many industrial uses, including as a biofuel precursor and an additive to aviation fuel. 2,3-BDO can be produced from biomass, making it a more sustainable fuel source, but it must be separated and purified before utilization.
Demand for lithium is expected to increase drastically due to the use of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries used in portable electronics and electric vehicles. An efficient method to extract lithium is necessary to help meet this demand.
Separation of rare earth containing ores is often approached via froth floatation; however, for successful flotation, ligands must be designed that can both bind to the mineral interface while being amphiphilic enough to drag the minerals to an air-aqueous interface.
High strength, oxidation resistant refractory alloys are difficult to fabricate for commercial use in extreme environments.
Commercial closed-cell insulation foam boards reduce their thermal resistivity by up to 30% due to gas diffusion in and out of foam cells.
Most plastic is discarded after a single use, with about 76 percent of plastic waste discarded into landfills annually. The current practice is wasting feedstock resources, energy, and carbon used for their production.
Technetium is a radioactive isotope that is a byproduct of nuclear processing; there are currently limited mechanisms to capture technetium when uranium is recycled, hindering the efficient recycling of spent nuclear fuel.