91°µÍø

For her advancement of the scientific underpinnings of mass spectrometry as well as collection technologies and strategies with a focus on nuclear nonproliferation.

For her contributions to the development and application of advanced electron microscopy techniques for the study of a broad range of energy and quantum materials.

For his fundamental and translational research including development of leading systems, processes, sensors and controls.

For his scientific and technology contributions to Earth system model development and applications, significantly improving predictions of how terrestrial ecosystems respond to climate change.

For international leadership in developing innovative therapeutic and diagnostic applications of radionuclides for nuclear medicine.

For expertise in developing neutron detection technologies used in scientific research and in nuclear weapon and arms control verification.

For applying molecular beam techniques to study chemically reactive collisions, helping to lay the foundation for the present field of chemical dynamics, and for pioneering studies in accelerator-based atomic physics, ion-solid interactions, and the channeling of ions, electrons and positrons in crystalline solids.

For advances in protein structure and enzyme mechanisms by use of affinity labeling and site-directed mutagenesis.

For fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical solid-state physics that directly relate to experimental programs, including the electronic structure and magnetism of transition and rare-earth metals, metal-electrolyte interfaces, superconductivity, and physical properties of heavy fermion, mixed valent, and fractal materials

For discoveries of fundamental importance in mammalian genetics, as well as for studies of genetic and developmental effects in mice, which have provided a broad basis for assessment of the genetic risk to humans from radiation and chemicals, including the development of genetic and early developmental tests now used worldwide.